|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1800 |
|
|
Jefferson
becomes US president |
|
Volta
makes first battery |
|
1801 |
Irish act
of Union |
First
census |
Concordat
between Napoleon and Pole |
|
Gauss
develops his Theory of Number |
|
1802 |
|
|
Peace of
Amiens |
|
Charlotte
Dundas: First Steamship |
|
1803 |
Suppression
of rebellion in Ireland; Wellesley defeats Indians in Maratha War |
Forms new
Anti-Napoleon coaltion |
Lousiana
Purchase |
Beethoven's
Eroica Symphoney |
Dalton's
Atomic theory |
|
1804 |
|
First
Corn Law |
Haitian
Independence |
|
Trevithick's
first steam rail locomotive |
|
1805 |
|
Nelson
wins Battle of Trafalgar |
Austerlitz;
Mehemet Ali becomes Pasha of Egypt |
|
|
|
1806 |
|
|
Napoleon's
continental system |
|
Beaufort's
scale of wind velocity |
|
1807 |
Prohibition
of shipment of slaves in British ships or to British colonies |
|
|
Hegel's
Philosophy of History |
|
|
1808 |
|
|
Spanish
uprising against French; Wellesley lands in Lisbon |
|
|
|
1809 |
|
Cobbett
imprisoned for criticising flogging in the army |
|
|
Samuel
Sommering's electric telegraph |
|
1810 |
Seizure
of Cape Colony |
|
|
|
|
|
1811 |
|
George
III insane; Luddites smash spinning and weaving machinery |
Egypt:
Mamelukes overthrown by Mehemet Ali |
|
|
|
1812 |
War of
1812 |
PM
Spencer assassinated |
Napoleon's
Russian campaign |
Grimm's
fairy tales |
|
|
1813 |
English
East India company loses monopoly |
|
|
Jane
Austin's Pride and prejudice |
|
|
1814 |
|
|
Treaty of
Ghent ends war |
|
|
|
1815 |
Receives
Cape Colony and naval bases at Congress of Vienna; British East India Company
take Ceylon from the Dutch |
Waterloo |
End of
Napoleonic war; Congress of Vienna |
|
|
|
1816 |
The Zulu
king Shaka comes to power |
|
Congress
of Tucuman |
British
museum acquires Elgin Marbles |
Stethoscope
invented |
|
1817 |
|
Habeas
Corpus suspended |
Monroe
becomes US president |
|
|
|
1818 |
Shaka
forms Zulu kingdom |
|
|
Mary
Shelley's Frankenstein |
|
|
1819 |
Peterloo
massacre |
US
purchases Florida |
Schubert's
Trout quintet |
Macadamized
roads developed; The Savannah is the first steamship to cross the Atlantic |
|
|
1820 |
|
George IV
becomes king |
|
Scott's
Ivanhoe |
|
|
1821 |
Sierra
Leone, Gambia and the Gold Coast are combined to form British West Africa |
Famine in
Ireland |
Mexico
and Peru gain independence; Napoleon dies on St. Helena |
Quincy's
Confession of an Opium Eater |
Faraday
invents electric motor |
|
1822 |
Discovery
of a Tea bush growing wild in India ends Chinese monopoly |
|
Liberia
founded for freed US slaves |
Rosetta
stone deciphered by Champollion |
First
Iron Steamship sails |
|
1823 |
Daniel
O'Connell forms Catholic Association, First Anglo-Burmese war |
Rugby
invented |
Monroe
doctrine |
|
Rubberized
cotton developed by Macintosh |
|
1824 |
|
|
|
Beethoven's
Ninth Symphony |
|
|
1825 |
|
|
Java War |
|
Stockton
Darlington railway |
|
1826 |
Straights
settlement; Penang, Malacca and Singapore |
|
Seku Ahmadu
conquers Timbuktu |
J. F.
Cooper's Last of the Mohicans |
|
|
1827 |
joint
Anglo-French fleet defeats Turks at Navarino |
PM
Canning dies |
France
intervenes in Algeria |
Death of
Beethoven |
photographs
produced on a metal plate |
|
1828 |
The Hindu
BrahmoSamaj sect established in India |
Duke of
Wellington becomes Prime Minister |
Queen
Ranavalona rules Madacasgar |
|
Dutch
manufacturer Houten develops the chocolate bar |
|
1829 |
Western
Australia founded; abolition of Suttee in India |
Catholic
Emancipation; Police founded |
Jackson
US president |
Braille
invented |
|
|
1830 |
|
Lord Grey
PM, William IV King |
France
takes Algeria |
|
|
|
1831 |
|
Cholera
epidemic |
Greek
Independence |
|
Darwin begins Beagle voyage |
|
1832 |
|
Reform
act |
American
Indians forcibly resettled |
|
Morse invents
code |
|
1833 |
Abolition
of slavery throughout Empire, Falklands annexed |
|
|
|
|
|
1834 |
Tolpuddle
martyrs transported to Australia |
Workhouses
established |
|
|
|
|
1835 |
Boers
start Great Trek |
|
|
|
|
|
1836 |
South
Australia becomes a province |
|
Texas
independent from Mexico |
Chopin's
24 Preludes |
|
|
1837 |
Rebellions
in Canada and New Zealand. |
Queen
Victoria starts reign |
|
|
Electric
Telegraph |
|
1838 |
First
Afghan war starts (1838- 1842); Myall creek massacre in NSW; Battle of Blood
River in South Africa; First Canadian railway starts operating |
|
|
|
Screw
propellor invented |
|
1839 |
First
Opium war in China (1839-42) |
Anti-Corn
law, Chartists |
Mehemet
Ali defeats Turks |
|
Faraday's
theory of electromagnetism |
|
1840 |
Treaty of
Waitangi in New Zealand, Canadian provinces act of Union, Ndebele
found Matabeleland |
Victoria
marries Albert, first postage stamps |
|
|
First
bicycle |
|
1841 |
Hong Kong established, Livingstone arrives
in Africa |
Peel PM |
Said ibn
Sayyid makes Zanzibar his capital |
|
|
|
1842 |
Treaty of
Nanking, US/Canada border agreed, Kabul garrison annihilated in Khyber pass,
Brooke made Rajah of Sarawak |
Income
tax reintroduced |
France
occupies Tahiti, Guinea and Gabon |
Verdi's
Nabucco |
First use
of Anaesthetic in an operation |
|
Sind
conquered |
|
|
|
Brunel's SS Great Britain |
|
|
1844 |
|
Factory
acts |
|
Turner's
Rain, Steam, Speed |
|
|
1845 |
First
Sikh War (1845-46), Irish potato famine (1845-48) |
|
US
annexes Texas |
Engels'
Condition of the working class in England |
Galvanised
corrugated Iron invented, Pneumatic tyre invented |
|
1846 |
Second
Xhosa war |
Corn Laws
repealed |
Mexican-US
war (1846-48) |
|
|
|
1847 |
|
|
|
Charlotte
Bronte's Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights |
|
|
1848 |
Second Sikh War (1848-49) |
|
European
uprisings; Gold discovered in California |
Communist
Manifesto |
|
|
1849 |
Gough annexes
Punjab |
Navigation
Acts repealed |
California
Gold Rush |
|
Safety
Pin patented; Speed of Light accurately measured by Fizeau |
|
1850 |
Australian Colonies Act |
Irish
Franchise Act |
Taiping
Rebellion |
|
Kelvin's
Law of conservation of energy |
|
1851 |
Gold
discovered in Australia |
Great
Exhibition at Crystal Palace |
Fall of
French Second Republic |
Great
Exhibition |
Great
Exhibition |
|
1852 |
Second
Anglo-Burmese War (1852-5), Livingstone crosses Africa (1852-56), Transvaal
Independent |
Aberdeen PM |
|
|
|
|
1853 |
First
railways and telegraph in India |
|
Commodore
Perry arrives in Japan with a US fleet |
Verdi's La
Traviata |
Hypodermic
syringe invented |
|
1854 |
Eureka
rebellion in Victoria |
Civil
Service formed |
Crimean
War (1854-56); USA forces Japanese to start trading |
|
John Snow
proves cholera is a water borne disease |
|
1855 |
|
Palmerston
PM; Livingstone is the first European to see the Victoria falls |
|
Telegraph's
Crimean War coverage |
Mendel's
discovery of laws of heredity |
|
1856 |
Oudh
annexed, Second Chinese Opium War (1856-60) |
Victoria
Cross established |
|
Flaubert's
Madame Bovary published |
First
refrigerator ship, synthetic colours invented |
|
1857 |
Indian Mutiny (1857-58) |
|
|
Trollope's
Barchester Towers |
Trans
Atlantic cable completed |
|
1858 |
East
India Company dissolved, Burton and Speke discover Lake Tanganyika |
|
|
|
|
|
1859 |
|
|
John
Brown at Harper's Ferry |
J.S.
Mill's On Liberty |
Darwin's
Origin of Species, Oil pumped in Pennsylvania |
|
1860 |
Kowloon
leased from China, Taranaki Wars in NZ (1860-70) |
|
Garibaldi's
red shirts start Italian Unification |
|
Bessemer's
mass production of Steel |
|
1861 |
|
Death of
Prince Albert |
American
Civil War (1861-65), Russia abolishes Serfdom |
Eliot's
Silas Marner |
Pasteur's
Germ Theory of disease |
|
1862 |
|
American
Civil war results in the steep reduction of cotton supplies which in turn
forces many mills to close |
|
French
start to colonise Vietnam |
|
|
1863 |
|
Football
Association formed, Salvation Army started |
Emancipation
of US slaves |
|
Maxwell's
theory of electro magnetism |
|
1864 |
|
|
Red Cross
founded |
Jules
Verne's Voyage to the Centre of the Earth |
|
|
1865 |
|
Russell
PM |
Lincoln
assassinated |
Lewis
Carroll's Alice's adventures in Wonderland, Wagner's Tristan and Isolde |
|
|
1866 |
Livingstone's
third journey in Africa (1866-73) |
Derby PM |
Ku Klux
Klan started in US |
|
Nobel invents
dynamite; Mendel published his research into Genetics |
|
1867 |
Canada becomes a Dominion; Diamonds
discovered in South Africa |
Second
Reform Act |
US buys
Alaska, Meiji restoration in Japan |
Japanese
art exhibited in Paris |
|
|
1868 |
Gladstone
PM, TUC formed |
|
|
Traffic
signal in London, Helium discovered |
|
|
1869 |
Suez
Canal opened |
|
|
Tolstoy's
War and Peace finished |
|
|
1870 |
Rhodes
arrives in Africa, Cable links Australia and London |
elementary
education act |
Franco-Prussian war; Schliemann discovers
Troy |
|
Periodic
table developed by Mendelev |
|
1871 |
Stanley
finds Livingstone; Vancouver and British Columbia join Canada |
Trade
Unions become legal |
Paris
Commune; Wilhelm I emperor of Germany |
Verdi's
Aida performed |
Pullman
introduces the Sleeper car |
|
1872 |
Earl
Mayo, Viceroy of India is murdered |
Secret
ballot introduced |
|
|
Vacuum
flask, air brakes, typewriter and colour photography are all invented |
|
1873 |
Royal
Canadian Mounted Police formed |
|
Dutch
suppress revolt in Sumatra: Acheh war (1873-1903) |
Tolstoy's
Anna Karenina |
|
|
1874 |
Gold Coast becomes colony |
Disraeli
forms government |
|
First
Impressionist exhibition |
|
|
1875 |
Britain
buys Suez canal shares; Fiji islands annexed; Prince of Wales
visits India; New Zealand parliament formed |
|
French
republican constitution passed |
Bizet's
Carmen |
Bell
patents telephone |
|
1876 |
Plimsoll
line introduced |
Battle of
Little Bighorn |
Brahms'
first symphony |
|
|
|
1877 |
Last
Xhosa war; annexation of Transvaal |
|
Russo-Turkish
war (1877-78) |
Tchaikovsky's
Swan Lake |
Edison
invents Gramophone |
|
1878 |
Cyprus
gained; Second Afghan war (1878-1880) |
Salvation
army established |
Congress
of Berlin settles Balkan crisis |
Gilbert
and Sullivan's HMS Pinafore |
Channel
tunnel attempted |
|
1879 |
Zulu war;
Anglo-French control over Egypt |
|
German /
Austo-Hungarian Dual Alliance |
Ibsen's
The Doll's House |
First
Tramways in Berlin |
|
1880 |
Borneo
and Brunei become protectorates; Rhodes
founds De Beers; Ned Kelly hanged in Melbourne; first boer war (1880-81);
Kruger becomes president of Transvaal |
Gladstone's
Midlothian campaign |
|
|
Pasteur
discovers Streptococcus bacteria; First electric street light in New York;
Charles Lavern proves that Malaria is caused by a parasite in the blood. |
|
1881 |
Mahdi war
in Sudan (1881-98) |
Irish
land and coercion acts |
Jewish
pogroms in East Europe; Alexander II assassinated |
Nietzche's
Aurora |
Electricity
exhibition in Paris |
|
1882 |
Occupation
of Egypt |
Phoenix
park murders |
Triple
Alliance |
|
First
hydro electric station in US |
|
1883 |
|
|
Krakatoa
explodes; Germans take SW Africa |
|
|
|
1884 |
Berlin
conference to discuss colonisation |
Third
Reform act; Fabians established |
Sino-French
war (1884-85) |
|
Rayon's
artificial fibres |
|
1885 |
Gordon
killed in Khartoum; Indian National Congress formed; Canadian Pacific railway
completed; Burma fully occupied; Gold discovered in Transvaal |
|
Belgian
Congo under Leopold |
|
Daimler
and Benz build automobile; unique quality of fingerprints established |
|
1886 |
Royal
Niger Co. Charter; Colonial and Indian exhibition; Gold discovered in Transvaal |
Gladstone
resigns over Ireland; Chamberlain forms Liberal Unionists |
Slavery
ends in Cuba; Tunisia becomes French protectorate |
|
|
|
1887 |
British
East Africa Co. charter awarded; Zululand becomes protectorate; First
colonial conference |
Victoria's
Golden jubilee |
Boulanger
fails to gain office |
Conan
Doyle's Sherlock Holmes |
Radio
waves discovered by Hertz |
|
1888 |
|
County
Councils formed |
French
Indo-China formed; slavery ended in Brazil; Wilhelm II emperor of Gemany |
Van Gogh
to Arles |
Dunlop's
pneumatic tyre |
|
1889 |
British
South Africa Co. Charter awarded; Rhodesia established |
London
Dock strike |
Japan's
Meiji constitution; Italy takes Somalia and Ethiopia |
Eiffel
Tower completed |
|
|
1890 |
Heligoland ceded to Germans |
Parnell
resigns |
Bismarck
dismissed; German control over East African territories; Indians massacred at
Wounded Knee |
Death of
Van Gogh |
|
|
1891 |
Australian
demands for Trade protection and unification |
|
Trans-Siberian
railway begun; Germany develops first pension scheme |
Gaughin
travels to Tahiti |
|
|
1892 |
|
Gladstone's
fourth ministry |
Franco-Russian
alliance |
|
|
|
1893 |
Matabele
war; East African protectorate; Women's suffrage in New Zealand |
Independent
labour party formed |
French
colonise Ivory Coast, Laos and Guinea |
Tchaikovsky's
Sixth symphony; Dvorak's New World Symphony |
|
|
1894 |
Uganda becomes protectorate; Jameson
occupies Matabeleland |
Rosebery
PM |
Sino-Japanese
war (1894-95); Tsar Nicholas II; French take Madacasgar |
Rudyard Kipling's Jungle book |
Escalator
lifts (US); Manchester ship canal completed |
|
1895 |
Jameson
Raid |
Salisbury
PM |
Japan
takes Taiwan; Cuban rebellions begin |
Oscar
Wilde imprisoned |
Cinema,
safety razors, wireless telegraphy and X-rays all invented |
|
1896 |
Famine in
India; Sudan war (1896-99); Kaiser telegram to Kruger;
Matabele Revolt Brutally suppressed (1896-97) |
|
Olympic
games started; Nobel peace prizes started |
|
Radioactivity
of Uranium discovered |
|
1897 |
Victoria's
Diamond Jubilee; destruction of Benin city; uprising on North West frontier |
|
Dreyfus
affair |
|
Thomson
discovers electrons; aspirin marketed; diesel engines invented |
|
1898 |
|
Spanish-American
war; Germany's Tirpitz plan |
Zola's J'accuse |
Curies' Radium |
|
|
1899 |
Boer war (1899-1902) |
|
Boxer rebellion |
|
Zeppelin
invents his airship |
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