%% simplifiy the creation of expressions like <U> 

\newcommand{\mean}[1]{\langle #1\rangle}

%% Make place for large figures

\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1}
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.9}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.9}


%% make references less typing work
\def\figref#1{\ref{fig:#1}}
\def\Figref#1{Fig.~\ref{fig:#1}}
\def\tabref#1{\ref{tab:#1}}
\def\Tabref#1{Tab.~\ref{tab:#1}}
\def\eqref#1{(\ref{eq:#1})}
\def\Eqref#1{Eq.~(\ref{eq:#1})}
\def\Eqsref#1{Eqs.~(\ref{eq:#1})}
\def\defref#1{(\ref{def:#1})}
\def\Defref#1{Def.~(\ref{def:#1})}
\def\secref#1{\ref{sec:#1}}
\def\Secref#1{Sec.~\ref{sec:#1}}
\def\appref#1{\ref{app:#1}}
\def\Appref#1{App.~\ref{app:#1}}

%% numerate down to subsubsections

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}

%% print captions small, with bold-faced figure numbers

\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    \small\textbf{#1:} #2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}